Online shopping is more attractive to consumers than physical shopping due to the convenience and variety of products it offers. This situation has introduced the concept of online shopping addiction, a concept that is increasingly used in literature. The increasing commercial potential of social media platforms and the advertising strategies of shopping websites on social media show that social media platforms encourage shopping. This study aims to examine the online shopping habits of individuals who spend significant time on social media and to investigate the potential impulsive effects of social media on online shopping. The study was conducted with 254 participants through an online survey method. The relational survey method was used in the study. The study was conducted through the Online Shopping Addiction Scale and the Social Media Addiction Scale-Adult Form. As a result of the correlation analysis, a significant relationship was found between social media use and online shopping (p <.01). The regression analysis showed that a one-unit increase in social media addiction caused a 0.762-unit increase in online shopping behavior (B = .762, SE = .041). These findings support the hypothesis of this study that as social media addiction increases, online shopping addiction increases.

Alcohol and substance use disorders are common public health issues that impair individuals’ biopsychosocial functioning and present various challenges during the treatment process. The Tobacco, Alcohol, and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Program (SAMBA) is structured with the aim of providing psychoeducation to individuals struggling with addiction, enhancing their communication and problem-solving skills, and supporting impulse control. This study aims to evaluate the implementation, participant characteristics, and treatment-related outcomes of the SAMBA program conducted over the course of one year at a training and research hospital. The study examines the demographic characteristics of the individuals participating in the program, their level of treatment adherence, and their relationship with the SAMBA program. The findings suggest that SAMBA provides a structured and holistic approach to addiction treatment and may serve as an effective model for enhancing treatment adherence.

This study argues that cognitive, emotional, and behavioral column gaps and fractures formed during childhood create an invisible foundation for internal stress, social maladjustment, and behavioral risks in later life, while also constituting the fundamental building blocks that determine an individual’s lifelong functionality (22). Within the framework of Psychostatic Theory, it examines the developmental risks of children and adolescents aged 0-14 and the psychosocial functions of their column structures. The theory assesses risks related to ideology, violence, and substance use through static structures based on the individual’s developmental columns. These columns represent essential psychological constructs such as belonging, trust, self-esteem, meaning and value, boundary awareness, emotional literacy, and body image. The solidity of these columns determines the individual’s resilience against stress, trauma, ideological manipulation, and social pressures, whereas cracks or deficiencies in the columns increase susceptibility to risky behaviors. Unlike classical psychodynamic and cognitive developmental approaches, Psychostatic Theory conceptualizes individual development through the metaphor of static and structural columns. While Freud’s drive-based explanations and Erikson’s socially oriented developmental crises describe development as dynamic processes, Psychostatic Theory concretizes the root causes of risky behaviors through the solidity and gaps of these columns. Research indicates that emotional, social, and cognitive deficiencies in childhood are associated with violence, substance use, bullying, and ideological radicalization later in life (13-32). Psychostatic Theory clarifies these relationships by mapping them onto the column structures and their gaps, thereby offering the capacity to explain both individual and societal risks. Particularly during adolescence, the rapid maturation of the limbic system and the relatively slower development of the prefrontal cortex directly interact with the load-bearing functions of these columns (36). This interaction strengthens the relationship between the solidity of columns-such as belonging, trust, self-esteem, boundary awareness, and emotional literacyand the individual’s vulnerability to risky behaviors. Moreover, external risks such as ideological manipulation, peer bullying, and substance use exert influence through these column gaps. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Psychostatic Theory provides a comprehensive and preventive framework for monitoring, assessing, and reinforcing psychological columns. As a result, the theory offers a scientific approach aimed at reducing violence, criminal tendencies, and risky behaviors at both individual and societal levels.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between exam anxiety levels and smartphone addiction levels of secondary school students.
Method: This study was designed using the relational survey model from quantitative methods. The population of the study consists of students studying at the secondary school level in Istanbul between 2023-2024. The sample of the study consists of 417 students selected by simple random sampling method. In the study, Personal Information Form was used to evaluate demographic characteristics, ‘Westside Test Anxiety Scale’ was used to measure the level of test anxiety and ‘Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form’ was used to measure the level of smartphone addiction. The research data were analysed using SPSS 27.00 package programme.
Findings: It was determined that there was a positive, weak-medium significant relationship between test anxiety levels of secondary school students and smartphone addiction. In addition, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between test anxiety level and gender, parental attitude, school achievement, parents' attitude towards success, and duration of smartphone use. It was determined that there is a significant relationship between smartphone addiction and time alone, duration of smartphone use, school achievement, parents' attitude towards success.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between test anxiety and smartphone addiction in adolescent secondary school students. This indicates that there is a need for prevention studies and psychoeducation for students, teachers and parents in secondary schools for test anxiety and smartphone addiction.

Objective: Although substance addiction is a significant problem that is widespread among young people and threatens public health, it is seen that the protective factors related to the issue have not been examined sufficiently. This study aimed to determine the self-efficacy of vocational school students regarding protection from substance addiction and related factors.
Method: The research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The research was conducted with 506 students studying at a vocational school. In line with the purpose of the research, “Personal Information Form” and “Substance Addiction Protection Self-Efficacy Scale” were used as data collection tools. Frequency distribution and variance analysis were used in the analysis of the data.
Results: 77.5% of the 506 participants who participated in the research were female and 22.5% were male. A statistically significant relationship was found between the participants’ self-efficacy regarding protection from substance addiction and the variables of gender, age, program of study and place of residence (p<0.005).
Conclusion: In order to increase the self-efficacy of vocational school students in protecting themselves from substance addiction, a course on combating addiction should be added to the curriculum, structured early intervention programs should be developed, and student communities and social support mechanisms should be strengthened.

İntroduction: Research has identified many characteristics that may influence women's progression from use to addiction and their struggle with recovery. In previous studies, it was reported that 2.9-3.2% of the applicants to addiction treatment centers in Turkiye were women. Considering the low rate of women applying to treatment compared to men, it was thought that examining the completion of treatment would make an essential contribution to the literature. At the same time, there is no recent study on the descriptive characteristics of women in inpatient addiction treatment centers in our country and the factors affecting treatment completion.
Method: Our study was conducted by examining the data of 104 female patients who were treated as inpatients with a diagnosis of alcohol or substance use disorder according to DSM-5 in an Addiction Detox Clinic of a Mental Health Hospital. During inpatient treatment, withdrawal severity is assessed according to the type of substance, and the necessary detoxification medication is administered according to the CIWA-R or COWS scales. All participants completed the Addiction Profile Index (API) scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS-27 package program. Frequency tables for sociodemographic questions were created. Regression analysis was applied to see the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The analyses were applied with alpha level = 0.05.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.5 years, the primary substance of use at the time of admission to treatment was alcohol at 45% and substance at 55%, and the frequency of use was every day at 93%. Having a family history of alcohol or substance abuse was 49%. 47% were single, judicial history was 37%, 73% were unemployed, 59% had a history of comorbid mental illness, 35% had a history of suicide attempts in the past, 54% of the participants had multiple substance use, and 22% had a history of intravenous substance use, even if only once in their lives. The early discharge rate was 38%, and sociodemographic and clinical variables were not statistically significant. It was observed that the API scale was statistically highly correlated with non-completion of treatment, especially in individuals with high 'severe craving' sub-dimension scores.
Conclusion: Considering that women have a low rate of applying for addiction treatment, it is important to understand the needs of women patients who apply for treatment to complete the treatment and to include gender-specific intervention programs in the treatment.

The widespread use of substances in society requires various precautions to be taken and our youth to be made aware of this issue. It is important to educate young people (18-25 age group) who start university on these issues and to determine their substance use awareness levels and train them if necessary. For these reasons, the aim of the research is to strengthen the substance use awareness levels of university students. In this context, the research, which was conducted with a pre-posttest experimental and control group experimental design, lasted six weeks. The data collected using the Determination of Awareness Levels of University Students Towards Substance Use Scale was analyzed by applying T-test with the help of SPSS package program. According to the obtained data; it can be said that the “Addiction Awareness Program” implemented to strengthen the awareness levels of university students towards substance use produced positive results on the experimental group. It is recommended that programs that strengthen substance abuse awareness, such as addiction awareness programs, be provided to young people.

Objective: Alcohol use disorder is a common public health issue that negatively affects an individual's quality of life, as well as their physical, psychological, and social well-being. The aim of the study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of postgraduate studies on alcohol use disorder in Turkey between the years 2008-2024. Method: This study is a descriptive scanning research conducted using bibliometric analysis methods. Searches were conducted separately in the National Thesis Center database using the keywords "alcohol use disorder," "alcohol dependence," "alcoholism," and "alcohol abuse." The inclusion criteria were determined as the theses being open access and including human samples. Based on these criteria, a total of 200 theses constituted the sample for the analysis. Findings: In the study, it was determined that the theses on alcohol use disorder were mostly master's level, quantitative and cross-sectional. It was determined that the highest number of theses were published in Ege University, and the departments that studied the subject the most were psychiatry, psychology and nursing. The most frequently used scale in the theses was found to be the Michigan Alcohol Screening Scale. Conclusion: The data obtained are largely in line with the studies in the literature. Using longitudinal and qualitative methods together in theses can provide more detailed information about alcohol use disorder. In future research, it may be useful for different disciplines to work together in order to provide innovative solutions to problems. 

Objective: In this study, it was planned to investigate the effect of traumatic events experienced by individuals diagnosed with alcohol and substance use disorder on the severity of addiction.

Method: The participants of this study are 50 people who applied to NPİSTANBUL Brain Hospital Amatem service for the treatment of substance use disorder. Of these 50 participants, 47 are men and 3 are women. The research data were collected through the scales given to the survey participants. The Addiction Profile Index (BAPI) was applied to the participants to measure the severity of addiction, and the Traumatic Experiences Scale (TEC) was applied to measure their traumatic experiences.

Results: In the study, the level of significance was taken as 0.05 and 0.001. A moderately significant positive correlation was found between the participants' traumatic experiences scores and their total addiction index scores.

Conclusion: According to the findings obtained in the study, the addiction index diagnosis sub-dimension scores were higher in male participants compared to female participants. It has been shown that childhood traumas impair neural structure and function, making individuals more susceptible to cognitive deficits and psychiatric diseases, including substance abuse (18). Therefore, it is important to evaluate and consider the history of childhood traumatic experiences in relation to substance abuse. The results obtained emphasize the importance of traumatic experiences in addictions to a degree that can contribute to the applications to be developed for addiction treatment and to future research.

Objective: Tobacco use, which has been one of the leading causes of preventable death and disability worldwide for many years, increases susceptibility and transmission risk in respiratory infections such as COVID-19, negatively affecting the prognosis. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends quitting smoking or reducing daily consumption, especially during the pandemic, to reduce potential harm. The aim of our study is to present our experience with the application of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and the course of psychiatric illness in hospitalized smokers with severe mental illness and COVID-19. Considering the recent pandemic, it is crucial to recommend smoking cessation and provide treatment support to psychiatric patients with severe mental illness accompanied by physical illnesses, infectious diseases, and especially COVID-19 infection, to achieve better outcomes in the treatment of comorbidities and infections.

Method: Our study included 18 smoking patients out of 23 with severe mental illness who were hospitalized in the psychiatric ward and had COVID-19 infection. Records of patients who received NRT were retrospectively reviewed. The severity of nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and agitation was evaluated using the Excited Component Subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-EC). PANSS-EC scores at baseline and on day 7 were compared. FTND scores at baseline and on day 30 post-discharge were compared. The correlation between FTND and variables such as the rate of reduction in PANSS-EC and length of hospital stay was investigated.

Results: Two-thirds of the patients had high nicotine dependence with FTND scores ≥ 6. At the end of the first week, an average reduction of 43.1% in PANSS-EC scores was observed. A moderate positive correlation was found between baseline FTND scores and the reduction rate in PANSS-EC scores, and a moderate negative correlation between baseline FTND scores and duration of hospitalization. On the 30th day after discharge, it was found that all patients had resumed smoking, with 44% having FTND scores ≥ 6. A significant decrease was observed when comparing baseline FTND scores with FTND scores on the 30th day post-discharge.

Conclusion: It is important to consider nicotine withdrawal symptoms in patients who smoke and are admitted to a psychiatric unit where tobacco use is restricted, and to consider NRT as part of the inpatient treatment programme. However, according to our results, NRT alone is not sufficient for smoking cessation treatment. It should be supported by motivational interviewing, individual counselling or psychoeducation. In addition, the fact that the patients in our study quit smoking with acute and extrinsic motivation due to COVID-19 infection may be one of the factors that caused them to relapse after discharge. Therefore, comprehensive smoking cessation treatment and NRT for psychiatric patients should be an integral part of inpatient treatment programmes during and after the pandemic.