This study argues that cognitive, emotional, and behavioral column gaps and fractures formed during childhood create an invisible foundation for internal stress, social maladjustment, and behavioral risks in later life, while also constituting the fundamental building blocks that determine an individual’s lifelong functionality (22). Within the framework of Psychostatic Theory, it examines the developmental risks of children and adolescents aged 0-14 and the psychosocial functions of their column structures. The theory assesses risks related to ideology, violence, and substance use through static structures based on the individual’s developmental columns. These columns represent essential psychological constructs such as belonging, trust, self-esteem, meaning and value, boundary awareness, emotional literacy, and body image. The solidity of these columns determines the individual’s resilience against stress, trauma, ideological manipulation, and social pressures, whereas cracks or deficiencies in the columns increase susceptibility to risky behaviors. Unlike classical psychodynamic and cognitive developmental approaches, Psychostatic Theory conceptualizes individual development through the metaphor of static and structural columns. While Freud’s drive-based explanations and Erikson’s socially oriented developmental crises describe development as dynamic processes, Psychostatic Theory concretizes the root causes of risky behaviors through the solidity and gaps of these columns. Research indicates that emotional, social, and cognitive deficiencies in childhood are associated with violence, substance use, bullying, and ideological radicalization later in life (13-32). Psychostatic Theory clarifies these relationships by mapping them onto the column structures and their gaps, thereby offering the capacity to explain both individual and societal risks. Particularly during adolescence, the rapid maturation of the limbic system and the relatively slower development of the prefrontal cortex directly interact with the load-bearing functions of these columns (36). This interaction strengthens the relationship between the solidity of columns-such as belonging, trust, self-esteem, boundary awareness, and emotional literacyand the individual’s vulnerability to risky behaviors. Moreover, external risks such as ideological manipulation, peer bullying, and substance use exert influence through these column gaps. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Psychostatic Theory provides a comprehensive and preventive framework for monitoring, assessing, and reinforcing psychological columns. As a result, the theory offers a scientific approach aimed at reducing violence, criminal tendencies, and risky behaviors at both individual and societal levels.

Alcohol and substance use disorders are common public health issues that impair individuals’ biopsychosocial functioning and present various challenges during the treatment process. The Tobacco, Alcohol, and Substance Use Disorder Treatment Program (SAMBA) is structured with the aim of providing psychoeducation to individuals struggling with addiction, enhancing their communication and problem-solving skills, and supporting impulse control. This study aims to evaluate the implementation, participant characteristics, and treatment-related outcomes of the SAMBA program conducted over the course of one year at a training and research hospital. The study examines the demographic characteristics of the individuals participating in the program, their level of treatment adherence, and their relationship with the SAMBA program. The findings suggest that SAMBA provides a structured and holistic approach to addiction treatment and may serve as an effective model for enhancing treatment adherence.

Online shopping is more attractive to consumers than physical shopping due to the convenience and variety of products it offers. This situation has introduced the concept of online shopping addiction, a concept that is increasingly used in literature. The increasing commercial potential of social media platforms and the advertising strategies of shopping websites on social media show that social media platforms encourage shopping. This study aims to examine the online shopping habits of individuals who spend significant time on social media and to investigate the potential impulsive effects of social media on online shopping. The study was conducted with 254 participants through an online survey method. The relational survey method was used in the study. The study was conducted through the Online Shopping Addiction Scale and the Social Media Addiction Scale-Adult Form. As a result of the correlation analysis, a significant relationship was found between social media use and online shopping (p <.01). The regression analysis showed that a one-unit increase in social media addiction caused a 0.762-unit increase in online shopping behavior (B = .762, SE = .041). These findings support the hypothesis of this study that as social media addiction increases, online shopping addiction increases.

Alcohol and substance use disorders (ASUD) are chronic, relapsing psychiatric conditions with significant individual and public health implications. While their neuropsychiatric effects are well documented, their dermatological manifestations often remain under-recognized in clinical practice, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. This narrative review systematically explores skin findings associated with the use of alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, stimulants, and tobacco, based on recent literature. Alcohol is frequently linked with telangiectasias, seborrheic dermatitis, pruritus, and rosacea-like eruptions. Opioid use often results in pruritus, ulcerations, and scarring at injection sites. Stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines are associated with vasculitic rashes, formication-induced excoriations, and ulcerative dermatoses. Cannabis, hallucinogens, and inhalants may cause contact dermatitis, pigmentary changes, and perioral lesions. Tobacco use, though legally sanctioned, significantly contributes to premature skin aging and exacerbation of chronic inflammatory dermatoses. Early recognition of these dermatologic signs may serve as clinical clues, aiding in the timely diagnosis of ASUD. Integrating dermatological evaluation into addiction treatment protocols can improve outcomes and reduce unnecessary investigations. This review emphasizes the importance of skin manifestations in ASUD and encourages greater clinical attention and multidisciplinary collaboration in addressing these often-overlooked indicators.

Online games today are not merely a means of entertainment or socialization for adolescents, but rather a risky domain that fosters addictive behaviors. While the digital gaming industry has reached a multibillion-dollar scale, this growth has been driven by technological advances as well as design strategies referred to as “gamblification.” Random reward systems embedded in popular games provide cosmetic features alongside competitive advantages, creating a perception of “easy winning” and integrating gambling dynamics into the gaming experience. Research indicates that when combined with the need for social approval and competitive pressure, these mechanisms lead adolescents to repeated attempts; moreover, linking game progression directly to such systems normalizes gambling-like behaviors and reinforces tendencies toward addiction. Although some countries have introduced concrete regulatory measures in this field, a systematic legal framework has not yet been established in Türkiye. In light of this gap, the academic community, policymakers, educators, and clinicians should develop a shared awareness and implement comprehensive measures to protect adolescents.

İntroduction: Research has identified many characteristics that may influence women's progression from use to addiction and their struggle with recovery. In previous studies, it was reported that 2.9-3.2% of the applicants to addiction treatment centers in Turkiye were women. Considering the low rate of women applying to treatment compared to men, it was thought that examining the completion of treatment would make an essential contribution to the literature. At the same time, there is no recent study on the descriptive characteristics of women in inpatient addiction treatment centers in our country and the factors affecting treatment completion.
Method: Our study was conducted by examining the data of 104 female patients who were treated as inpatients with a diagnosis of alcohol or substance use disorder according to DSM-5 in an Addiction Detox Clinic of a Mental Health Hospital. During inpatient treatment, withdrawal severity is assessed according to the type of substance, and the necessary detoxification medication is administered according to the CIWA-R or COWS scales. All participants completed the Addiction Profile Index (API) scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSS-27 package program. Frequency tables for sociodemographic questions were created. Regression analysis was applied to see the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The analyses were applied with alpha level = 0.05.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.5 years, the primary substance of use at the time of admission to treatment was alcohol at 45% and substance at 55%, and the frequency of use was every day at 93%. Having a family history of alcohol or substance abuse was 49%. 47% were single, judicial history was 37%, 73% were unemployed, 59% had a history of comorbid mental illness, 35% had a history of suicide attempts in the past, 54% of the participants had multiple substance use, and 22% had a history of intravenous substance use, even if only once in their lives. The early discharge rate was 38%, and sociodemographic and clinical variables were not statistically significant. It was observed that the API scale was statistically highly correlated with non-completion of treatment, especially in individuals with high 'severe craving' sub-dimension scores.
Conclusion: Considering that women have a low rate of applying for addiction treatment, it is important to understand the needs of women patients who apply for treatment to complete the treatment and to include gender-specific intervention programs in the treatment.

In recent years, addiction research has emphasized that substance use behavior should not be understood solely through biological mechanisms, but rather through multidimensional frameworks that include psychosocial and cultural variables. The aim of this review study is to comparatively examine the impact of addiction theories on Turkish individuals living in Turkey and Europe, with attention to their sociocultural contexts. The study was designed as a qualitative meta-analysis, and a systematic review of publications from 2010 to 2025 was conducted using databases including ULAKBİM, DergiPark, Scopus, and Web of Science. Selected studies were analyzed through theoretical frameworks such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Social Learning Theory (SLT), psychodynamic, and biological models. Thematic analysis indicated that addiction in Turkey is primarily shaped by cultural norms and social learning processes, whereas Turkish immigrants in Europe are more affected by factors like discrimination, language barriers, and identity conflicts. Group therapy and culturally adapted interventions have been found to offer sensitive and effective responses to these challenges. The findings underscore the necessity of developing culturally sensitive clinical models that integrate dynamics of identity, belonging, and social exclusion.

Objective: Although substance addiction is a significant problem that is widespread among young people and threatens public health, it is seen that the protective factors related to the issue have not been examined sufficiently. This study aimed to determine the self-efficacy of vocational school students regarding protection from substance addiction and related factors.
Method: The research is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The research was conducted with 506 students studying at a vocational school. In line with the purpose of the research, “Personal Information Form” and “Substance Addiction Protection Self-Efficacy Scale” were used as data collection tools. Frequency distribution and variance analysis were used in the analysis of the data.
Results: 77.5% of the 506 participants who participated in the research were female and 22.5% were male. A statistically significant relationship was found between the participants’ self-efficacy regarding protection from substance addiction and the variables of gender, age, program of study and place of residence (p<0.005).
Conclusion: In order to increase the self-efficacy of vocational school students in protecting themselves from substance addiction, a course on combating addiction should be added to the curriculum, structured early intervention programs should be developed, and student communities and social support mechanisms should be strengthened.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between exam anxiety levels and smartphone addiction levels of secondary school students.
Method: This study was designed using the relational survey model from quantitative methods. The population of the study consists of students studying at the secondary school level in Istanbul between 2023-2024. The sample of the study consists of 417 students selected by simple random sampling method. In the study, Personal Information Form was used to evaluate demographic characteristics, ‘Westside Test Anxiety Scale’ was used to measure the level of test anxiety and ‘Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form’ was used to measure the level of smartphone addiction. The research data were analysed using SPSS 27.00 package programme.
Findings: It was determined that there was a positive, weak-medium significant relationship between test anxiety levels of secondary school students and smartphone addiction. In addition, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between test anxiety level and gender, parental attitude, school achievement, parents' attitude towards success, and duration of smartphone use. It was determined that there is a significant relationship between smartphone addiction and time alone, duration of smartphone use, school achievement, parents' attitude towards success.
Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between test anxiety and smartphone addiction in adolescent secondary school students. This indicates that there is a need for prevention studies and psychoeducation for students, teachers and parents in secondary schools for test anxiety and smartphone addiction.

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that was engineered to provide a potent analgesic effect, with its medical utility widely established in clinical contexts such as pain management and anesthesia. Fentanyl use has become a critical public health issue due to diversion for misuse and to rapidly proliferation of illicit manufacturing. This persistent increase in illicitly manufactured fentanyl distribution shows no indication of decline, raising significant concerns regarding its impact on public health and opioid misuse trends, including a dramatic increase in overdose deaths. Moreover, individuals from socially or economically precarious backgrounds, as well as those suffering from mental health disorders, are particularly vulnerable, as limited access to resources and support systems can lead to increased substance use as a coping mechanism for stress and adversity. Therefore, the objective of this narrative review is to provide a holistic overview on fentanyl, addressing its synthesis process, pharmacology and clinical use, relationship with gut microbiome, epidemiology and global distribution, patterns of use and motivations, and overdose treatment. For this purpose, current and relevant evidence on fentanyl and its correlates has been conscientiously assessed and outlined.