Pathological gambling is a mental disorder characterized that might cause significant decrements in social, vocational and family life. In this report, addictive gambling behavior, which may be called secondary or iatrogenic, has been reviewed.

Pathological gambling is defined as persistent and repetitive gambling behaviors, characterized by the inability to control the gambling behavior of the individual, family or professional functionality. It is stated that the possibility of occurrence of alcohol and substance use disorders is increased after obesity operations, which have been frequently applied in recent years. Until now, gambling disorder, which is considered as impulse control disorder, is evaluated under the category of addiction behaviors with DSM-5. In this case report, the case of gambling disorder following bariatric surgery will be discussed.

Long-term alcohol use causes varying degrees of deficit in various cognitive functions including learning, memory, visuospatial functions and abstraction. Studies using dif­ferent techniques indicate that the neocortex, particularly the frontal lobe; limbic system and cerebellum are the bra­in regions most vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol.

The aim of this study is to assess the memory function in individuals with a history of alcohol dependency who meet the criteria for at least early partial remission and to compare it with healthy controls. The study also aims to investigate the association of memory function with duration of abstinence.

Twenty-four patients and 24 age, sex and education matched healthy controls were included in the study. Patients with Axis-I comorbidity, chronic neurological disease, dementia, chronic disease, Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome and history of head trauma were excluded. The memory function of alcohol dependent individuals and healthy controls was assessed with Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and Rey Auditory- Verbal Learning Test (AVLT).

The memory subscales that show significant difference between the dependent and control groups are immediate memory span, total scores of learning trials and learning false score in AVLT and forward digit span, backward digit span, visual reproduction and memory quotient in WMS. Statistically significant difference was found in the long term recall score and long term false recognition score between the early and sustained full remission subgroups.

As a result of this study, dependent subjects are found to show more deficit in attention and memory functions compared to healthy controls. These findings are consistent with the literature on this subject.

 Objective: In this first study on the patients who applied to the Probation Ward in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Erzurum province, it is aimed to compare the sociodemographic data of the patients with the substance use characteristics and other legal crimes.

Method: Between December 2015 and February 2016, 132 patients who applied for the first time to the Erzurum DS polyclinic were included in the study. The sociodemographic data form prepared by the researchers participating in the research was applied.

Results: All of the 132 cases involved in the study were men. While 49.2% of the patients had multiple substance use, cannabis was found to be the highest substance alone at 45.4% level. We found that smoking and alcohol use started earlier than substance use and that alcohol and cigarette use were high. Considering the impact of multiple substance use on the sociodemographic data, a significant difference was found between early substance use age, substance abuse existence in the past month, the first cigarette smoking age, self-harm behavior presence, the existence of additional criminal cases and the existence of previous psychiatric treatment history. There was a significant positive correlation between the age of first substance use and the age, the age of first cigarette use and the age of first alcohol use. Finally, when the groups with and without prison stories are compared in terms of self-harm behavior, a significant difference was found.

Conclusion: Reviewing the sociodemographic data of individuals with probation application will guide clinicians in defining the group in which more preventive measures will be taken for substance use.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare the university students having diagnosed as internet addicted and internet non-addicted in terms of the theory of mind.

Methods: The study group consisted 50 undergraduate students at Üsküdar University. 25 students diagnosed an internet addicted composed the study group. 25 students who have same sex with the study group subjects, however do not have any internet addiction, composed the study group.

Results: The average age of the students is 22.74±1.45. Data was collected by using sociodemographic data form, Internet Addiction Scale and the Dokuz Eylül Theory of Mind Scale. The study group found to have statistically significantly lower scores in theory of Mind Scale, when compared to the control group.

Conclusion: This result suggests that internet addiction may affect the students’ social interaction, emotional and cognitive processing.

Buprenorphine is a semi-synthetic opioid derived from thebaine. It is used for analgesic effect and opioid substitution therapy. In Turkey, buprenorphine and naloxone combination (Suboxone®) has been used in opioid substitution therapy since 2010. In this paper respiratory depression arising after buprenorphine use together with benzodiazepine will be told and possible mechanisms of this interaction will be discussed.

Psychoactive substance use disorder can be defined as a chronic illness with an uncontrollable impulsivity to drug use by affecting reward, motivation, memory and decision making mechanisms in individuals brains. These substances can cause dangerous consequences in the lives of individuals by causing addiction and, on the other hand, by stimulating or depressing the central nervous system, causing mood, mental state, behavioral and motor function disorders. Caffeine, hallucinogens, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), inhalants, nicotine, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, anabolic steroids, nitrous oxide are among the addictive substances (1 ,2). The incidence of psychiatric disorders in patients with substance use disorders is 2.7 times higher. It has been reported that 70-75% of individuals with substance use disorders are accompanied by at least one psychiatric disorder (2,3). It is also known that substance abuse is more common in psychiatric disorders. In a study conducted in Turkey psychoactive substance use in schizophrenia 3.2%, while bipolar disorder is reported to be 3.5%. In the same study, 39% of the patients who received substance abuse and inpatient treatment received psychotic disorder and 23% received bipolar disorder (4).

Very common psychotic disorder or comorbid condition among substance use related disorders is clinically important. One of the biggest challenges faced by clinicians in this case is the primary-secondary distinction (5). In this study, psychoactive substance use and psychosis association and primary-secondary distinction are discussed through two case studies.

İntroduction: Alcohol and substance use disorders are conditions that can significantly affect all areas of an individual's life. Research in this field shows that addiction negatively impacts social adjustment and functioning. This study aims to examine the effects of addiction on social adjustment and functioning in patients followed in an addiction rehabilitation program.

Method: 103 patients who received treatment and follow-up at SBÜ Erenköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları EAH Addiction Rehabilitation Center and were diagnosed with Alcohol or Substance Use Disorder according to DSM-5 criteria, were included in the study. This study was designed as a pre-post test (6 months) comparison longitudinal research (Sociodemographic Data Form, Functional Assessment Short Test, Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale).

Results: Comparisons between pre-post scale scores revealed a significant increase (p<0.001) in SASS scores. Significant decreases were observed in scores for autonomy, occupational functioning, cognitive functioning, financial issues, interpersonal relationships, leisure activities, and total FAST (p<0.001) scores. Analysis of the relationships between change scores showed a strong negative correlation between changes in SASS scores and changes in FAST autonomy (ρ = -0.624, p < 0.001) and FAST total scores (ρ = -0.627, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Findings indicate that as social adaptation improved, functional impairments decreased. Social adaptation and functionality should be considered essential parameters in both the treatment and monitoring of substance use disorders. The observed improvements in these areas among patients in follow-up suggest the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and underscore their value in facilitating reintegration into society.

Objective: This study aims to examine the relationships between AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, impulsivity, difficulties in emotion
regulation, and addiction severity among patients diagnosed with substance use disorders
receiving inpatient treatment. Additionally, the study investigates the mediating roles of
impulsivity and difficulties in emotion regulation in the relationship between ADHD symptoms
and addiction severity.
Methods: This study was designed as a cross-sectional and correlational research. The sample
consisted of 100 voluntary participants aged between 18 and 60 years who were receiving
inpatient treatment at the AMATEM clinic of NP Brain Hospital and had been diagnosed with
alcohol or substance use disorder according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Data were collected
using the Sociodemographic Information Form, Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder Self-Report Scale (ASRS), UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, Difficulties in Emotion
Regulation Scale (DERS), and Addiction Profile Index (API). 2
Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationships among variables.
Regression analyses were performed to determine the predictive effect of ADHD symptoms on
addiction severity. Bootstrap-based mediation analyses were used to test the mediating roles of
impulsivity and difficulties in emotion regulation, and a parallel multiple mediation model was
applied to evaluate the relative contribution of each mediator.
Findings: The correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between ADHD
symptoms and addiction severity (r = 0.507, p <0.01). Regression analysis indicated that
ADHD symptoms significantly predicted addiction severity (β = 0.509, p <0.001). Bootstrap
mediation analyses demonstrated that difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediated the
relationship between ADHD symptoms and addiction severity (indirect effect = 0.192; 95% CI
[0.068–0.329]; mediation ratio = 72.68%). Among the impulsivity subdimensions, only
negative urgency showed a significant mediating effect in this relationship. In the parallel
multiple mediation model, when both impulsivity and difficulties in emotion regulation were
included simultaneously, difficulties in emotion regulation emerged as the dominant mediating
mechanism, whereas the indirect effect of impulsivity remained limited.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that ADHD symptoms are strongly associated with
addiction severity in individuals with substance use disorders and that difficulties in emotion
regulation play a central role in explaining this relationship. These results highlight the
importance of routine screening for ADHD symptoms in addiction treatment settings and
emphasize the need to integrate emotion regulation–focused interventions into treatment
programs. Addressing emotion regulation difficulties may enhance treatment outcomes by
reducing addiction severity and improving overall therapeutic effectiveness.

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between high school students’ digital technology addiction and their sleep quality by determining these factors.
Method: This is a descriptive and correlational study. The study was conducted between April and May 2023 with 245 secondary school students studying in the Health Services department at a Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School in a province of the Marmara Region. Data were collected face-to-face using the Sociodemographic Data Form, the Digital Addiction Scale and the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire. Data analysis involved percentage and frequency distributions, the t-test for independent samples, ANOVA, the Pearson correlation test, and the Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient.
Findings: The mean total score on the Digital Addiction Scale for secondary school students was determined to be 3.02 ± 0.664. Significant differences were found among students in Year 9, those using digital devices for 8 hours or more daily, those using digital devices at night, those using digital devices for 3 hours or more at night, those going to sleep at 02:00 or later, and those waking up at night. The mean total score on the Cleveland Adolescent Sleepiness Questionnaire was determined to be 40.66 ± 10.016. Among female students, significant differences were found in those whose mothers were illiterate or had only completed primary school, those from middle-income families, those in Year 9, those with at least one failing grade, those using digital devices for 8 hours or more daily, those using digital devices at night, those using digital devices for 3 hours or more at night, those going to bed at 00:00, 01:00, 02:00 or later, and those sleeping for 9 hours or more or waking up at night, the difference was found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: According to the study, it was observed that secondary school students have a moderate level of digital technology addiction and experience a sleepiness level close to moderate. Furthermore, as high school students’ digital technology addiction increases, so does their sleepiness. It is recommended that further research be conducted to examine various aspects of high school students’ digital technology addiction and that they be directed towards educational programmes designed to raise awareness regarding the mindful use of digital devices.